关于宋代河北四路安抚司的设置原因与经过尚存在争议。通过历史政治地理的观察视角,从区划与组织两条线索入手复原河北四路安抚司形成的全过程,提出新的解释并丰富若干历史细节。就区划而言,河北军事区划经历了从太祖时的将帅分部守边到太宗时的(行营)都部署,再到真宗时的三路都部署,最后于仁宗庆历八年正式形成河北四安抚使路的过程。就组织而言,庆历边防危机时有关设置河北经略安抚使的提议并未被朝廷采纳,庆历年间卒骄将懦、兵变频繁,是有着明确地理区划的河北四路安抚司得以形成的根本原因。

The reasons for establishment and the setting process of the four Anfu Si Lu (安抚司路) located to ‘Hebei’ (the north of the Yellow River) during the Song Dynasty are still subject to debate. Through the perspective of historical political geography, this study traces the entire process of the formation of Hebei Four Anfusi Lu. It also draws from two clues of administrative division and organization to offer new interpretations and to enrich several historical details. The military administration of Hebei underwent a transition from generals guarding the borders in division during the reign of Emperor Taizu, to the deployment of Dubushu (field headquarter, 都部署) in Emperor Taizong’s era, to the deployment of three Dubushu in Emperor Zhenzong’s era. In the eighth year of Qingli under the reign of Emperor Renzong, the formal Hebei Four Anfushi (安抚使) established. Yet, the court did not adopt the proposal of establishing a Hebei Jinglue Anfushi (河北经略安抚使) in spite of the border crisis in the Qingli era. The frequent rebellion problems caused by arrogant soldiers and weak generals during the Qingli period were the fundamental reasons for the establishment of the clearly delineated Hebei Four Anfusi Lu.