清代收复新疆后,南疆地区的喀什噶尔道和阿克苏道于光绪八年建置,是新疆建省的重要准备,也是清朝国家政治制度在边疆地区不断深化的具体表现。其后以“量地置邑”及“治广以狭”为基本理念进行的政区增置和调整,则是政区设置对边防危机与治理困境的反应,突出表现了政区设置对巩固边防、完善基层治理的作用,并奠定了现今南疆地区行政区划的基本格局。在政区设置的同时进行政区分等,与之相对应的还有一套较为成熟的职官选任体系。为最大限度地使地方社会治理“人地相宜”,作为新设政区,南疆二道虽有明确的缺分等第,却并未照章办理。政区分等与职官选拔基本背离,成为光绪三十四年五月全国州县“停部选”的先声。

After the control of Xinjiang was restored, Qing Dynasty established the Kashgar Dao (喀什噶尔道) and Aksu Dao (阿克苏道) in the southern Xinjiang area in 1882, which was an important preparatory step for the Xinjiang Province and a concrete manifestation of continuous deepening of the national political system in the border regions. Subsequent territorial expansions and adjustments based on the basic concepts of ‘Liang Di Zhi Yi’(量地置邑) and ‘Zhi Guang Yi Xia’(治广以狭), were specific responses to the border defense crisis, territorial crisis and governance crisis in the administrative setting under the drastic changes of the current situation. This move highlighted the role of the political district setups in consolidating the border and perfecting grassroots governance, while laying the foundational framework of current administrative divisions in southern Xinjiang. Alongside the setting of ‘Zheng Qu Fen Deng’ (政区分等), there was a relatively mature system for the selection and appointment of officials, in order to maximize the achievement of local social governance on the ‘Ren Di Xiang Yi’ (人地相宜). Despite the clear lack of hierarchical grades in the newly established political district, they did not do so according to the rules, and the ‘Zheng Qu Fen Deng’ basically deviate from the selection of officials, which became the precursor of the national state and county ‘Ting Bu Xuan’(停部选) in 1908.