清初确定以万历原额为准的定赋原则后,各地田赋重整中通过“剔荒征熟”形成大量荒地数字。通过对清初山西省的考察可见,这些数字主要指土地原额中的除豁荒地,受除豁政策影响,其中包含部分明中期以后形成的不堪耕种荒地,但不含大量明末清初形成的易垦抛荒地,在无主有主的分类处理和前后相继的清查除豁中,形成了滞后性、层累性和系统性缺失特征。清前期垦荒进程中,这些荒地数字是统治者判断垦荒情形的重要依据,报垦也以荒地数字为基础展开。因此,尽管雍正以前山西报垦情形不佳,实际的荒地垦复进程应比报垦数字反映的情况开始更早、规模更大、完成更快,其空间发展过程也与报垦反映情况有所差异。

After the principle of setting taxes based on the original amount of Wanli was determined in the early Qing Dynasty, a large number of wasteland figures were formed through “removing wasteland and collecting reclaimed land”(Ti Huang Zheng Shu). Through the investigation of Shanxi Province in the early Qing Dynasty, it can be seen that the number of wasteland mainly refers to the excluded wasteland in the original land amount. In the process of wasteland classification and successive census, the numbers showed characteristics of delay, stratification and systematic missing. Under the influence of the policy of exemption, on the one hand, it included some uncultivated or wasteland difficult to cultivate formed in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, it did not include a large number of easily reclaimed wasteland formed in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. In the reclamation process in early Qing Dynasty, these wasteland number became an important basis for the rulers to judge the reclamation situation and the starting point of reclamation. Therefore, although the situation of reclamation in Shanxi was not good before Yongzheng’s era, the actual reclamation process of wasteland started earlier, was larger in scale and completed faster than that was reflected in the reclamation figures, and it’s different in terms of spatial process.