“燕然山”音义及相关问题
宝音德力根,男,1963年生,内蒙古自治区巴林左旗人,博士,内蒙古大学蒙古历史学系教授,主要从事元史、蒙古史及北方民族史研究。 |
收稿日期: 2023-12-22
网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目《元明(北元)蒙古高原历史地理研究》(19ZDA203)
全国文化名家暨“四个一批”人才工程项目(2021—2025)
The Pronunciation and Related Issues of Yanran Mountain
Received date: 2023-12-22
Online published: 2025-03-21
2017年,中蒙联合考察队在蒙古国中戈壁省德勒格尔杭爱山南发现了著名的《燕然山铭》刻石,燕然山位置由此得以确定。民国地图标燕然山为“伊里陈·忽伦岭”,意为“野驴山”。“燕然”对应“IlTien—伊里陈”系匈奴语遗存,词义为“驴”;突厥语作“IlTien”;蒙古语作“IlTien”;汉译“燕支”“燕只斤”。燕然山清代名称“衣尼尔”系三世达赖喇嘛所赐,梵文作“Irina”,蒙古语音位颠倒,作“Inria>Inir”;今名“Delger qangγai”系“Irina”或“Inir”的蒙译,词义为“延绵的山地”。1208年成吉思汗曾在燕然山建立行宫,被称作“龙庭”。
宝音德力根 . “燕然山”音义及相关问题[J]. 历史地理研究, 2024 , 44(4) : 31 -35 . DOI: 10.20166/j.issn.2096-6822.L20230433
In 2017, a Sino-Mongolian joint expedition team discovered the famous ‘Yanran Mountain Inscription’ (《燕然山铭》) at the southern foot of the Delger Hangai Mountain in the Gobi Desert of the Central Gobi Province, Mongolia, thereby, the location of Yanran Mountain was determined. Maps from the Republic of China era labeled the Yanran Mountain as the ‘Yilichen Hulun Ridge’ (伊里陈·忽伦岭), meaning ‘Wild Donkey Ridge’ (野驴山). ‘Yanran’ corresponds to ‘IlTien-Ilichen’ (IlTien-伊里陈), a remnant of the Hun’s language signifying ‘donkey’. In Turkic, it is IlTien. In Mongolian, it is also IlTien. In Chinese, it translates to ‘Yanzhi’ (燕支) or ‘Yanzhijin’ (燕只斤). During the Qing Dynasty, the Yanran Mountain was known as ‘Yinier’ (衣尼尔), given by the third Dalai Lama, which is ‘Irina’ in Sanskrit. The Mongolian pronunciation reverses the phonemes to form Inria > Inir. The current name, Delger qangγai, is the Mongolian rendition of Irina or Inir, which means ‘prolonged mountain range’. In 1208, Genghis Khan built a palace on Yanran Mountain, known as the ‘Dragon Court’ (龙庭).
Key words: Yanran Mountain; Yilichen Hulun Ridge; Wild Donkey Ridge; Dragon Court
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