民国时期内蒙古畜牧生产中对野生动物资源的利用及生态反应
张博,男,1993年生,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,博士,西北大学历史学院副教授,主要从事历史地理学、环境史研究。 |
收稿日期: 2022-09-07
网络出版日期: 2025-05-20
基金资助
国家社会科学基金青年项目“内蒙古地区畜牧生产变革的环境史研究(1840—1958)(23CZS065)
Response and Utilization of Wild Animals in Livestock Production in Inner Mongolia During the Republic of China Era
Received date: 2022-09-07
Online published: 2025-05-20
张博 . 民国时期内蒙古畜牧生产中对野生动物资源的利用及生态反应[J]. 历史地理研究, 2025 , 45(1) : 88 -99 . DOI: 10.20166/j.issn.2096-6822.L20220295
The prairie wolf, the Mongolian gazelle (yellow sheep), and various rodents are integral components of the livestock environment in Inner Mongolia, significantly influencing the development of livestock production. These wild animals coexist and compete with the ‘Mongolian five livestock’ within the grassland ecosystem, while also interacting closely with humans through livestock production. During the Republic of China era, the traditional nomadic production system gradually collapsed, and modern Western concepts and technologies of animal husbandry were introduced. At the same time, animal products became increasingly integrated into domestic and international markets. As a result, herders intensified their intervention in the interactions between livestock and wild animals. Additionally, the traditional utilization of wild animals, which was primarily driven by subsistence needs, gradually shifted toward hunting motivated by commercial demands. While these changes increased economic income, ensured livestock safety, and alleviated competition for forage, the reduction of wild animal populations through human intervention was detrimental to the stability of the grassland ecosystem. This, in turn, negatively impacted the long⁃term development of livestock production.
表1 内蒙古草原与荒漠啮齿动物分类及代表性物种 |
分类 | 代表物种 |
---|---|
森林草原啮齿动物 | 东北鼢鼠(俗名瞎老鼠、地羊)、草原鼢鼠(俗称亦为瞎老鼠、地羊)、蒙古旱獭、东方田鼠(俗称大田鼠)、蒙古田鼠(俗称小田鼠)等 |
典型草原啮齿动物 | 布氏田鼠(俗称草原田鼠)、棕色田鼠(俗称拱地龙)、蒙古旱獭、草原鼢鼠、达乌尔黄鼠(俗称蒙古黄鼠、草原黄鼠)、达乌尔鼠兔等 |
荒漠草原啮齿动物 | 黄鼠、普氏兔尾鼠、坎氏毛足鼠(即准噶尔毛足鼠)等 |
荒漠啮齿动物 | 阿拉善黄鼠(俗名沙鼠)、小地兔、大沙鼠、灰仓鼠(俗名搬仓)等 |
资料来源: 旭日干主编《内蒙古动物志》第5卷《哺乳纲(啮齿目、兔形目)》,内蒙古大学出版社2016年版,第7—9页。 |
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